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ISACA CDPSE Exam Certification Details:
| Exam Price ISACA Nonmember | $760 (USD) |
| Number of Questions | 120 |
| Sample Questions | ISACA CDPSE Sample Questions |
| Books / Training | Virtual Instructor-Led Training In-Person Training & Conferences Customized, On-Site Corporate Training CDPSE Planning Guide |
| Exam Price ISACA Member | $575 (USD) |
NEW QUESTION # 70
Which of the following is MOST important when developing an organizational data privacy program?
- A. Performing an inventory of all data
- B. Obtaining approval from process owners
- C. Profiling current data use
- D. Following an established privacy framework
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 71
Which of the following BEST enables an IT privacy practitioner to ensure appropriate protection for personal data collected that is required to provide necessary services?
- A. Encrypting the data throughout its life cycle
- B. Anonymizing privacy data during collection and recording
- C. Implementing strong access controls on a need-to-know basis
- D. Understanding the data flows within the organization
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 72
It is MOST important to consider privacy by design principles during which phase of the software development life cycle (SDLC)?
- A. Testing
- B. Implementation
- C. Requirements definition
- D. Application design
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 73
Which of the following is MOST important to establish within a data storage policy to protect data privacy?
- A. Data redaction
- B. Data quality assurance (QA)
- C. Irreversible disposal
- D. Collection limitation
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
Irreversible disposal is a process of removing or destroying data from a storage device or media to prevent unauthorized access or recovery of the data. Irreversible disposal is the most important thing to establish within a data storage policy to protect data privacy, as it reflects the principles of data minimization and storage limitation, which require limiting the collection, storage and processing of personal data to what is necessary and relevant for the intended purposes, and deleting or disposing of personal data when it is no longer needed or justified. Irreversible disposal also helps to reduce the privacy risks and costs associated with data storage and retention, such as data breaches, unauthorized access, misuse or loss of data. The other options are not as important as irreversible disposal in protecting data privacy within a data storage policy.
Data redaction is a technique that removes or obscures sensitive or confidential information from a document or file, but it does not address the issue of data retention or deletion. Data quality assurance (QA) is a process of ensuring that the data meets the standards and specifications of accuracy, completeness, consistency and reliability, but it does not address the issue of data retention or deletion. Collection limitation is a principle that requires limiting the collection of personal data to what is necessary and relevant for the intended purposes, but it does not address the issue of data retention or deletion1, p. 75-76 References: 1: CDPSE Review Manual (Digital Version)
NEW QUESTION # 74
Which of the following is the BEST way to hide sensitive personal data that is in use in a data lake?
- A. Data encryption
- B. Data masking
- C. Data truncation
- D. Data minimization
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 75
Of the following, who should be PRIMARILY accountable for creating an organization's privacy management strategy?
- A. Chief data officer (CDO)
- B. Chief privacy officer (CPO)
- C. Information security steering committee
- D. Privacy steering committee
Answer: B
Explanation:
Some organizations, typically those that manage large amounts of personal information related to employees, customers, or constituents, will employ a chief privacy officer (CPO). Some organizations have a CPO because applicable regulations such as the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA) require it. Other regulations such as the Health Information Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA), and the GLBA place a slate of responsibilities upon an organization that compels them to hire an executive responsible for overseeing compliance.
NEW QUESTION # 76
Which of the following is the BEST approach for a local office of a global organization faced with multiple privacy-related compliance requirements?
- A. Focus on global compliance before meeting local requirements.
- B. Focus on developing a risk action plan based on audit reports.
- C. Focus on requirements with the highest organizational impact.
- D. Focus on local standards before meeting global compliance.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
The best approach for a local office of a global organization faced with multiple privacy-related compliance requirements is to focus on the requirements with the highest organizational impact, because this will help prioritize the most critical and urgent privacy issues and risks that may affect the organization's reputation, operations, or legal obligations. Focusing on the highest impact requirements will also help allocate the resources and efforts more efficiently and effectively, as well as align the local office's privacy practices with the global organization's objectives and strategies12.
References:
* CDPSE Exam Content Outline, Domain 1 - Privacy Governance (Governance, Management & Risk Management), Task 3: Participate in the evaluation of privacy policies, programs and policies for their alignment with legal requirements, regulatory requirements and/or industry best practices3.
* CDPSE Review Manual, Chapter 1 - Privacy Governance, Section 1.2 - Privacy Policy4.
NEW QUESTION # 77
Which of the following is the MOST important consideration when determining retention periods for personal data?
- A. Storage capacity available for retained data
- B. Sectoral best practices for the industry
- C. Data classification standards
- D. Notice provided to customers during data collection
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 78
Which of the following is an IT privacy practitioner's BEST recommendation to reduce privacy risk before an organization provides personal data to a third party?
- A. Encryption
- B. Aggregation
- C. Anonymization
- D. Tokenization
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
Anonymization is a technique that removes or modifies all identifiers in a data set to prevent or limit the identification of the data subjects. Anonymization is an IT privacy practitioner's best recommendation to reduce privacy risk before an organization provides personal data to a third party, as it would protect the privacy of the data subjects by reducing the linkability of the data set with their original identity, and also comply with the data minimization principle that requires limiting the collection, storage and processing of personal data to what is necessary and relevant for the intended purposes. Anonymization would also preserve some characteristics or patterns of the original data that can be used for analysis or research purposes by the third party, without compromising the accuracy or quality of the results. The other options are not as effective as anonymization in reducing privacy risk before an organization provides personal data to a third party.
Tokenization is a technique that replaces sensitive or confidential data with non-sensitive tokens or placeholders that do not reveal the original data, but it does not prevent or limit the identification of the data subjects, as tokens can be reversed or linked back to the original data using a tokenization system or key.
Aggregation is a technique that combines individual data into groups or categories that do not reveal the identity of the data subjects, but it may not prevent or limit the identification of the data subjects, as aggregated data can be de-aggregated or re-identified using other sources of information or techniques. Encryption is a technique that transforms plain text data into cipher text using an algorithm and a key, making it unreadable by unauthorized parties, but it does not prevent or limit the identification of the data subjects, as encrypted data can be decrypted or linked back to the original data using an encryption system or key1, p. 74-75 References: 1: CDPSE Review Manual (Digital Version)
NEW QUESTION # 79
Which of the following is the PRIMARY reason to complete a privacy impact assessment (PIA)?
- A. To comply with consumer regulatory requirements
- B. To establish privacy breach response procedures
- C. To understand privacy risks
- D. To classify personal data
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 80
Which of the following tracking technologies associated with unsolicited targeted advertisements presents the GREATEST privacy risk?
- A. Website cookies
- B. Online behavioral tracking
- C. Radio frequency identification (RFID)
- D. Beacon-based tracking
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
Online behavioral tracking is a tracking technology associated with unsolicited targeted advertisements that presents the greatest privacy risk. Online behavioral tracking is a technique that collects and analyzes personal data about users' online activities, preferences, interests, and behaviors across different websites or platforms.
Online behavioral tracking is used to create user profiles and deliver personalized or targeted advertisements that match users' needs or wants. Online behavioral tracking poses a privacy risk because it can invade users' privacy by collecting sensitive or intimate personal data without their knowledge or consent, such as health conditions, political views, sexual orientation, etc. Online behavioral tracking can also expose users to unwanted or inappropriate advertisements that may influence their decisions or actions. References: : CDPSE Review Manual (Digital Version), page 139
NEW QUESTION # 81
Which of the following should be the FIRST consideration when selecting a data sanitization method?
- A. Risk tolerance
- B. Storage type
- C. Implementation cost
- D. Industry standards
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
The first consideration when selecting a data sanitization method is the type of storage device that holds the data to be sanitized. Different types of storage devices have different characteristics and limitations that affect the effectiveness and feasibility of data sanitization methods. For example, magnetic media, such as hard disk drives (HDDs), can be sanitized by data degaussing, which is wiping data permanently by weakening the magnetic field1. However, data degaussing is not applicable to devices that use solid state drive (SSD) technology, since SSDs do not store data magnetically2. Therefore, the storage type determines which data sanitization methods are suitable and available for the data disposal process.
References:
* ISACA, Why (and How to) Dispose of Digital Data, Data Degaussing1
* ISACA, Best Practices for Data Hygiene, Data Hygiene Practices3
* TechReset, Data Sanitization and Methods, Cryptographic Erasure2
* Imperva, What is Data Sanitization?4
NEW QUESTION # 82
Which of the following system architectures BEST supports anonymity for data transmission?
- A. Client-server
- B. Plug-in-based
- C. Peer-to-peer
- D. Front-end
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
A peer-to-peer (P2P) system architecture is a network model where each node (peer) can act as both a client and a server, and communicate directly with other peers without relying on a centralized authority or intermediary. A P2P system architecture best supports anonymity for data transmission, by providing the following advantages:
* It can hide the identity and location of the peers, by using encryption, pseudonyms, proxies, or onion routing techniques, such as Tor1 or I2P2. These techniques can prevent eavesdropping, tracking, or censorship by third parties, such as Internet service providers, governments, or hackers.
* It can distribute the data across multiple peers, by using hashing, replication, or fragmentation techniques, such as BitTorrent3 or IPFS4. These techniques can reduce the risk of data loss, corruption,
* or tampering by malicious peers, and increase the availability and resilience of the data.
* It can enable the peers to control their own data, by using consensus, validation, or incentive mechanisms, such as blockchain5 or smart contracts. These mechanisms can ensure the integrity and authenticity of the data transactions, and enforce the privacy policies and preferences of the data owners.
NEW QUESTION # 83
An organization is concerned with authorized individuals accessing sensitive personal customer information to use for unauthorized purposes. Which of the following technologies is the BEST choice to mitigate this risk?
- A. Intrusion monitoring
- B. Email filtering system
- C. Mobile device management (MDM)
- D. User behavior analytics
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
User behavior analytics is a technology that uses data analysis and machine learning to monitor, detect and respond to anomalous or malicious user activities, such as accessing sensitive personal customer information to use for unauthorized purposes. User behavior analytics is the best choice to mitigate this risk, as it would help to identify and prevent insider threats, data breaches, fraud or misuse of data by authorized individuals.
User behavior analytics can also help to enforce policies and controls, such as access control, audit trail or data loss prevention. The other options are not as effective as user behavior analytics in mitigating this risk. Email filtering system is a technology that scans and blocks incoming or outgoing emails that contain spam, malware or phishing attempts, but it does not address the issue of authorized individuals accessing sensitive personal customer information to use for unauthorized purposes. Intrusion monitoring is a technology that monitors and alerts on unauthorized or malicious attempts to access a system or network, but it does not address the issue of authorized individuals accessing sensitive personal customer information to use for unauthorized purposes. Mobile device management (MDM) is a technology that manages and secures mobile devices that are used to access or store organizational data, but it does not address the issue of authorized individuals accessing sensitive personal customer information to use for unauthorized purposes1, p. 92 References: 1:
CDPSE Review Manual (Digital Version)
NEW QUESTION # 84
An organization is concerned with authorized individuals accessing sensitive personal customer information to use for unauthorized purposes. Which of the following technologies is the BEST choice to mitigate this risk?
- A. Intrusion monitoring
- B. User behavior analytics
- C. Email filtering system
- D. Mobile device management (MDM)
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 85
What is the BEST method to protect customers' personal data that is forwarded to a central system for analysis?
- A. Encryption
- B. Pseudonymization
- C. Anonymization
- D. Deletion
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
Pseudonymization is a technique that replaces direct identifiers in a data set with pseudonyms or artificial identifiers that do not reveal the identity of the data subjects. Pseudonymization is the best method to protect customers' personal data that is forwarded to a central system for analysis, as it reduces the linkability of the data set with the original identity of the customers and thus enhances the privacy and security of the data.
Pseudonymization also preserves some characteristics or patterns of the original data that can be used for analysis or research purposes, without compromising the accuracy or quality of the results. The other options are not as effective as pseudonymization in protecting customers' personal data that is forwarded to a central system for analysis. Deletion is a technique that removes or destroys data from a storage device or media to prevent unauthorized access or recovery of the data, but it does not allow for any analysis or research purposes. Encryption is a technique that transforms plain text data into cipher text using an algorithm and a key, making it unreadable by unauthorized parties, but it does not reduce the linkability of the data set with the original identity of the customers and may require additional security measures to protect the encryption keys or certificates. Anonymization is a technique that removes or modifies all identifiers in a data set to prevent or limit the identification of the data subjects, but it may affect the accuracy or quality of the analysis or research results, as some characteristics or patterns of the original data may be lost or distorted1, p. 74-75 References: 1: CDPSE Review Manual (Digital Version)
NEW QUESTION # 86
Which of the following BEST ensures a mobile application implementation will meet an organization's data security standards?
- A. Automatic dynamic code scan
- B. Privacy impact assessment (PIA)
- C. User acceptance testing (UAT)
- D. Data classification
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
A mobile application implementation should meet the organization's data security standards by ensuring that the application does not contain any vulnerabilities, errors or malicious code that could compromise the confidentiality, integrity or availability of the data. An automatic dynamic code scan is a technique that analyzes the application code while it is running to detect and report any security issues or defects. An automatic dynamic code scan can help to identify and fix any potential data security risks before the application is deployed. The other options are not sufficient to ensure data security standards. UAT is a process of verifying that the application meets the user requirements and expectations, but it does not necessarily test for data security. Data classification is a process of categorizing data according to its sensitivity and value, but it does not ensure that the data is protected by the application. A PIA is a process of identifying and evaluating the privacy impacts of a system or project that involves personal data, but it does not ensure that the system or project meets data security standards. , p. 89-90 References: : CDPSE Review Manual (Digital Version)
NEW QUESTION # 87
When is the BEST time during the secure development life cycle to perform privacy threat modeling?
- A. During functional verification testing
- B. Early in the design phase
- C. When identifying business requirements
- D. Prior to the production release
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
The best time during the secure development life cycle to perform privacy threat modeling is early in the design phase, because this will help identify and mitigate the potential privacy risks and vulnerabilities of the system or application before they become costly or difficult to fix. Privacy threat modeling is a systematic process of analyzing the data flows, assets, actors, and scenarios of a system or application to identify and prioritize the privacy threats and countermeasures12. Performing privacy threat modeling early in the design phase will also help ensure that privacy is built into the system or application from the start, rather than as an afterthought.
References:
* CDPSE Exam Content Outline, Domain 2 - Privacy Architecture (Privacy Architecture Implementation), Task 2: Implement privacy solutions3.
* CDPSE Review Manual, Chapter 2 - Privacy Architecture, Section 2.3 - Privacy Architecture Implementation4.
NEW QUESTION # 88
Which of the following MOST effectively protects against the use of a network sniffer?
- A. A honeypot environment
- B. An intrusion detection system (IDS)
- C. Network segmentation
- D. Transport layer encryption
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 89
Which of the following is the BEST way to reduce the risk of compromise when transferring personal information using email?
- A. Private cloud storage space
- B. Password-protected .zip files
- C. Centrally managed encryption
- D. End user-managed encryption
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
Encryption is a security practice that transforms data into an unreadable format using a secret key or algorithm. Encryption protects the confidentiality and integrity of data, especially when they are transferred using email or other communication channels. Encryption ensures that only authorized parties can access and use the data, while unauthorized parties cannot decipher or modify the data without the key or algorithm.
Encryption also helps to comply with data protection laws and regulations, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) or the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), which require data controllers and processors to implement appropriate technical and organizational measures to safeguard personal data.
Centrally managed encryption is a type of encryption that is implemented and controlled by a central authority or system, such as an organization or a service provider. Centrally managed encryption has the following advantages over end user-managed encryption, private cloud storage space, or password-protected .zip files, for reducing the risk of compromise when transferring personal information using email:
It can enforce consistent and standardized encryption policies and procedures across the organization or the service, such as the encryption standards, algorithms, keys, modes, and formats.
It can automate the encryption and decryption processes for the users, without requiring them to perform any manual actions or install any software or plug-ins on their devices.
It can monitor and audit the encryption activities and incidents, and provide visibility and accountability for the data protection and compliance status.
It can reduce the human errors or negligence that may compromise the encryption security, such as losing or sharing the keys, forgetting or reusing the passwords, or sending the data to the wrong recipients.
References:
Encryption in the Hands of End Users - ISACA, section 2: "A key goal of encryption is to protect the file even when direct access is possible or the transfer is intercepted." The Complexity Conundrum: Simplifying Data Security - ISACA, section 3: "Centrally managed encryption solutions can help enterprises overcome these challenges by providing a unified platform for encrypting data across different environments and applications." Email Encryption: What You Need to Know - Lifewire, section 1: "Email encryption is a way of protecting your email messages from being read by anyone other than the intended recipients."
NEW QUESTION # 90
Which of the following is the BEST way to limit the organization's potential exposure in the event of consumer data loss while maintaining the traceability of the data?
- A. Encrypt the data at rest.
- B. Use a unique hashing algorithm.
- C. De-identify the data.
- D. Require a digital signature.
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 91
As part of a major data discovery initiative to identify personal data across the organization, the project team has identified the proliferation of personal data held as unstructured data as a major risk. What should be done FIRST to address this situation?
- A. Classify sensitive unstructured data.
- B. Identify sensitive unstructured data at the point of creation.
- C. Identify who has access to sensitive unstructured data.
- D. Assign an owner to sensitive unstructured data.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
Classifying sensitive unstructured data should be done first to address the situation of the proliferation of personal data held as unstructured data, as it helps to identify the types, locations, and owners of the data, and to apply the appropriate privacy controls and measures based on the data classification level. Classifying sensitive unstructured data also facilitates the data discovery, data minimization, data retention, and data disposal processes. References: 2 Domain 3, Task 2; 5 Page 9
NEW QUESTION # 92
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