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ISACA CDPSE (Certified Data Privacy Solutions Engineer) Exam is a globally recognized certification program designed for professionals who specialize in managing, implementing, and maintaining effective data privacy solutions in their organization. Certified Data Privacy Solutions Engineer certification is offered by ISACA, a global nonprofit association that supports professionals in the field of IT governance, risk management, and security.

 

NEW QUESTION # 114
Which of the following is the MOST important consideration when writing an organization's privacy policy?

• A. Aligning statements to organizational practices
• B. Including a development plan for personal data handling
• C. Using a standardized business taxonomy
• D. Ensuring acknowledgment by the organization's employees

Answer: A

Explanation:
Explanation
The most important consideration when writing an organization's privacy policy is to align the statements to the organizational practices, because this will help ensure that the policy is accurate, consistent, and transparent. A privacy policy is a document that explains how the organization collects, uses, discloses, and protects personal data from its customers, employees, partners, and other stakeholders. A privacy policy should reflect the actual data processing activities and privacy measures of the organization, as well as comply with the applicable laws and regulations. A privacy policy that is not aligned with the organizational practices may lead to confusion, mistrust, or legal liability12.
References:
* CDPSE Review Manual, Chapter 1 - Privacy Governance, Section 1.2 - Privacy Policy3.
* CDPSE Certified Data Privacy Solutions Engineer All-in-One Exam Guide, Chapter 1 - Privacy Governance, Section 1.2 - Data Privacy Laws and Regulations4.

NEW QUESTION # 115
Which of the following zones within a data lake requires sensitive data to be encrypted or tokenized?

• A. Trusted zone
• B. Clean zone
• C. Temporal zone
• D. Raw zone

Answer: D

Explanation:
Explanation
A raw zone is a zone within a data lake that contains unprocessed or unstructured data that is ingested from various sources without any transformation or validation. A raw zone may contain sensitive data that has not been identified or classified yet, such as personal data. Therefore, sensitive data in a raw zone should be encrypted or tokenized to protect its confidentiality and integrity. Encryption is a process of transforming data into an unreadable form using a secret key or algorithm. Tokenization is a process of replacing sensitive data with non-sensitive substitutes called tokens. Both encryption and tokenization help to prevent unauthorized or unlawful access, use, disclosure, or transfer of sensitive data in a raw zone. References: : CDPSE Review Manual (Digital Version), page 169

NEW QUESTION # 116
Which of the following is the PRIMARY reason for an organization to use hash functions when hardening application systems involved in biometric data processing?

• A. To prevent possible identity theft
• B. To ensure technical security measures are effective
• C. To meet the organization's security baseline
• D. To reduce the risk of sensitive data breaches

Answer: D

Explanation:
Explanation
The primary reason for an organization to use hash functions when hardening application systems involved in biometric data processing is to reduce the risk of sensitive data breaches, because hash functions are one-way mathematical functions that transform biometric data into a unique and irreversible representation that cannot be reconstructed or reversed. This means that even if an attacker gains access to the hashed biometric data, they cannot use it to identify or impersonate the individual. Hash functions also help preserve the privacy and confidentiality of biometric data by preventing unauthorized access, modification, or disclosure.
References:
* CDPSE Exam Content Outline, Domain 2 - Privacy Architecture (Privacy Architecture Implementation), Task 2: Implement privacy solutions1.
* CDPSE Review Manual, Chapter 2 - Privacy Architecture, Section 2.3 - Privacy Architecture Implementation2.
* CDPSE Certified Data Privacy Solutions Engineer All-in-One Exam Guide, Chapter 2 - Privacy Architecture, Section 2.4 - Remote Access3.

NEW QUESTION # 117
When using anonymization techniques to prevent unauthorized access to personal data, which of the following is the MOST important consideration to ensure the data is adequately protected?

• A. The key must be kept separate and distinct from the data it protects.
• B. The data must be protected by multi-factor authentication.
• C. The data must be stored in locations protected by data loss prevention (DLP) technology.
• D. The key must be a combination of alpha and numeric characters.

Answer: A

Explanation:
Explanation
Anonymization is a technique that removes or modifies personal data in such a way that it can no longer be attributed to a specific data subject. Anonymization can be achieved by various methods, such as encryption, pseudonymization, aggregation, generalization, etc. When using anonymization techniques to prevent unauthorized access to personal data, the most important consideration to ensure the data is adequately protected is that the key must be kept separate and distinct from the data it protects. The key is a piece of information that is used to reverse the anonymization process and restore the original personal data. The key must be stored and managed in a secure location that is different from where the anonymized data is stored and processed. This way, even if the anonymized data is compromised, the key cannot be accessed or used to re-identify the data subjects. References: : CDPSE Review Manual (Digital Version), page 29

NEW QUESTION # 118
As part of a major data discovery initiative to identify personal data across the organization, the project team has identified the proliferation of personal data held as unstructured data as a major risk. What should be done FIRST to address this situation?

• A. Identify sensitive unstructured data at the point of creation.
• B. Classify sensitive unstructured data.
• C. Assign an owner to sensitive unstructured data.
• D. Identify who has access to sensitive unstructured data.

Answer: B

Explanation:
Explanation
Classifying sensitive unstructured data should be done first to address the situation of the proliferation of personal data held as unstructured data, as it helps to identify the types, locations, and owners of the data, and to apply the appropriate privacy controls and measures based on the data classification level. Classifying sensitive unstructured data also facilitates the data discovery, data minimization, data retention, and data disposal processes. References: 2 Domain 3, Task 2; 5 Page 9

NEW QUESTION # 119
Which of the following system architectures BEST supports anonymity for data transmission?

• A. Plug-in-based
• B. Front-end
• C. Peer-to-peer
• D. Client-server

Answer: D

NEW QUESTION # 120
Which of the following should an IT privacy practitioner do FIRST following a decision to expand remote working capability to all employees due to a global pandemic?

• A. Implement a virtual private network (VPN) tool.
• B. Revisit the current remote working policies.
• C. Enforce multi-factor authentication for remote access.
• D. Evaluate the impact resulting from this change.

Answer: D

Explanation:
Explanation
The first step for an IT privacy practitioner following a decision to expand remote working capability is to evaluate the impact resulting from this change on the organization's privacy policies, programs and practices.
This will help identify the risks and gaps that need to be addressed, as well as the opportunities for improvement and optimization. The other options are possible actions that may be taken after the impact assessment, depending on the results and recommendations.
References:
* CDPSE Exam Content Outline, Domain 1 - Privacy Governance (Governance, Management & Risk Management), Task 1: Identify issues requiring remediation and opportunities for process improvement1.
* CDPSE Review Manual, Chapter 1 - Privacy Governance, Section 1.3 - Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA)2.

NEW QUESTION # 121
Which of the following is the BEST method to ensure the security of encryption keys when transferring data containing personal information between cloud applications?

• A. Digital signature
• B. Symmetric encryption
• C. Whole disk encryption
• D. Asymmetric encryption

Answer: B

NEW QUESTION # 122
Which of the following should be done FIRST to establish privacy to design when developing a contact-tracing application?

• A. Conduct a privacy impact assessment (PIA).
• B. Conduct a development environment review.
• C. Identify privacy controls for the application.
• D. Identify differential privacy techniques.

Answer: A

Explanation:
Explanation
Conducting a privacy impact assessment (PIA) should be done first to establish privacy by design when developing a contact-tracing application. A PIA is a systematic process that identifies and evaluates the potential effects of personal data processing operations on the privacy of individuals and the organization. A PIA helps to identify privacy risks and mitigation strategies at an early stage of development and ensures compliance with legal and regulatory requirements. Conducting a development environment review, identifying privacy controls, or identifying differential privacy techniques are important steps in privacy by design, but they should be done after conducting a PIA. References: CDPSE Exam Content Outline, Domain
2, Task 2.1

NEW QUESTION # 123
Transport Layer Security (TLS) provides data integrity through:

• A. use of File Transfer Protocol (FTP).
• B. asymmetric encryption of data sets.
• C. exchange of digital certificates.
• D. calculation of message digests.

Answer: D

Explanation:
Explanation
Transport Layer Security (TLS) is a protocol that provides secure communication over the internet by encrypting and authenticating data. TLS provides data integrity through the calculation of message digests, which are cryptographic hashes that summarize the content and structure of a message. The sender and the receiver of a message can compare the message digests to verify that the message has not been altered or corrupted during transmission. TLS also uses digital certificates, asymmetric encryption, and symmetric encryption to provide confidentiality and authentication, but these are not directly related to data integrity.
References: CDPSE Review Manual, 2021, p. 117

NEW QUESTION # 124
Data collected by a third-party vendor and provided back to the organization may not be protected according to the organization's privacy notice. Which of the following is the BEST way to address this concern?

• A. Review the privacy policy.
• B. Validate contract compliance.
• C. Obtain independent assurance of current practices.
• D. Re-assess the information security requirements.

Answer: B

Explanation:
Explanation
The best way to address the concern that data collected by a third-party vendor and provided back to the organization may not be protected according to the organization's privacy notice is to validate contract compliance. This means that the organization should verify that the third-party vendor is adhering to the terms and conditions of the contract, which should include clauses on data protection, privacy, and security. The contract should also specify the obligations and responsibilities of both parties regarding data collection, processing, storage, transfer, retention, and disposal. By validating contract compliance, the organization can ensure that the third-party vendor is following the same privacy standards and practices as the organization.
References:
* ISACA, CDPSE Review Manual 2021, Chapter 2: Privacy Governance, Section 2.3: Third-Party Management, p. 51-52.
* ISACA, Data Privacy Audit/Assurance Program, Control Objective 8: Third-Party Management, p. 14-151

NEW QUESTION # 125
Which of the following is MOST important to review before using an application programming interface (API) to help mitigate related privacy risk?

• A. Data taxonomy
• B. Data classification
• C. Data flows
• D. Data collection

Answer: C

Explanation:
Explanation
Data flows are the most important to review before using an application programming interface (API) to help mitigate related privacy risk. Data flows are the paths or routes that data take from their sources to their destinations through various processes, transformations, or exchanges. Data flows can help understand how data are collected, used, shared, stored, or deleted by an API and its related applications. Data flows can also help identify the potential privacy risks or impacts that may arise from data processing activities involving an API and its related applications. Data flows can be represented by diagrams, maps, models, or documents that show the sources, destinations, types, formats, volumes, frequencies, purposes, or legal bases of data.
Data taxonomy, data classification, and data collection are also important for privacy risk mitigation when using an API, but they are not the most important. Data taxonomy is a system of organizing and categorizing data into groups, classes, or hierarchies based on their characteristics, attributes, or relationships. Data taxonomy can help understand the structure, meaning, context, or value of data. Data classification is a process of assigning labels or tags to data based on their sensitivity, confidentiality, criticality, or risk level. Data classification can help determine the appropriate level of protection or handling for data. Data collection is a process of gathering or obtaining data from various sources for a specific purpose or objective. Data collection can help obtain the necessary information or evidence for decision making or problem solving.
References: Critical API security risks: 10 best practices | TechBeacon, Open APIs and Security Risks | Govenda Board Portal Software, The top API security risks and how to mitigate them - Appinventiv

NEW QUESTION # 126
Which of the following is the MOST important consideration when determining retention periods for personal data?

• A. Sectoral best practices for the industry
• B. Data classification standards
• C. Storage capacity available for retained data
• D. Notice provided to customers during data collection

Answer: A

NEW QUESTION # 127
Which of the following vulnerabilities would have the GREATEST impact on the privacy of information?

• A. Private key exposure
• B. Poor patch management
• C. Lack of password complexity
• D. Out-of-date antivirus signatures

Answer: C

NEW QUESTION # 128
Which of the following BEST enables an IT privacy practitioner to ensure appropriate protection for personal data collected that is required to provide necessary services?

• A. Implementing strong access controls on a need-to-know basis
• B. Encrypting the data throughout its life cycle
• C. Anonymizing privacy data during collection and recording
• D. Understanding the data flows within the organization

Answer: D

NEW QUESTION # 129
An organization is considering the use of remote employee monitoring software. Which of the following is the MOST important privacy consideration when implementing this solution?

• A. Data analysis should be used to set staffing levels
• B. Data should be retained per the organization's retention policy
• C. Data should be used to improve employee performance.
• D. Data access should be restricted based on roles.

Answer: D

Explanation:
Explanation
Remote employee monitoring software is a solution that collects, analyzes and reports data on the activities and behaviors of employees who work remotely or from home. It can help organizations to measure and improve employee productivity, performance, engagement and security. However, it also poses significant privacy risks and challenges, as it may involve the collection and processing of personal data, such as names, email addresses, biometric data, IP addresses, keystrokes, screenshots, web browsing history, app usage, communication content and frequency, etc.
Data access should be restricted based on roles, meaning that only authorized and legitimate parties should be able to access and use the data collected by the remote employee monitoring software, based on their roles and responsibilities within the organization. This is a key privacy principle and practice that helps to protect the privacy rights and interests of the employees, and to prevent unauthorized or excessive access, use, disclosure or modification of their personal data by the organization or third parties. Data access restriction based on roles also helps to comply with data protection laws and regulations, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) or the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), which require data controllers and processors to implement appropriate technical and organizational measures to safeguard personal data.
References:
* Mobile Workforce Security Considerations and Privacy - ISACA, section 3: "The principle of least privilege should be applied to ensure that only authorized personnel have access to the data."
* Why Employee Privacy Matters More Than Ever - ISACA, section 3: "Privacy-first monitoring should include granular privacy controls, including: Auto-redacting personal information; Restricting access to sensitive information based on role; Masking sensitive information from view."

NEW QUESTION # 130
Which of the following helps define data retention time in a stream-fed data lake that includes personal data?

• A. Privacy impact assessments (PIAs)
• B. Information security assessments
• C. Data privacy standards
• D. Data lake configuration

Answer: C

Explanation:
Explanation
Data privacy standards are the set of rules, guidelines, and best practices that define the requirements and expectations for the collection, processing, storage, sharing, and disposal of personal data. Data privacy standards help to ensure that personal data is treated in a fair, lawful, transparent, and secure manner, as well as to comply with the applicable privacy laws and regulations. Data privacy standards also help to define the data retention time in a stream-fed data lake that includes personal data, as they specify the criteria and conditions for how long personal data can be kept in the data lake, based on factors such as the purpose, necessity, relevance, and quality of the data. Data retention time is an important aspect of data privacy, as it affects the risk of data breaches, unauthorized access, or misuse of personal data.
References: CDPSE Review Manual, 2021, p. 80

NEW QUESTION # 131
An organization's data destruction guidelines should require hard drives containing personal data to go through which of the following processes prior to being crushed?

• A. Degaussing
• B. Remote partitioning
• C. Hammer strike
• D. Low-level formatting

Answer: A

Explanation:
Explanation
Degaussing is a hard drive sanitation method that uses a powerful magnetic field to erase or destroy the data stored on a magnetic disk or tape. Degaussing should be used to sanitize hard drives containing personal data prior to being crushed, as it provides an additional layer of assurance that data has been permanently erased and cannot be recovered by any means. Degaussing also damages the drive itself, making it unusable for future storage. The other options are not effective or necessary hard drive sanitation methods prior to being crushed.
Low-level formatting is a hard drive sanitation method that erases the data and the partition table on the drive, but it may leave some traces of data that can be recovered by forensic tools or software. Remote partitioning is a hard drive sanitation method that creates separate logical sections on the drive, but it does not erase or destroy the data on the drive. Hammer strike is a hard drive sanitation method that physically damages the drive by hitting it with a hammer, but it may not erase or destroy the data completely or prevent data recovery by advanced tools or techniques1, p. 93-94 References: 1: CDPSE Review Manual (Digital Version)

NEW QUESTION # 132
An organization is creating a personal data processing register to document actions taken with personal dat a. Which of the following categories should document controls relating to periods of retention for personal data?

• A. Data acquisition
• B. Data storage
• C. Data input
• D. Data archiving

Answer: D

Explanation:
However, the risks associated with long-term retention have compelled organizations to consider alternatives; one is data archival, the process of preparing data for long-term storage. When organizations are bound by specific laws to retain data for many years, archival provides a viable opportunity to remove data from online transaction systems to other systems or media.

NEW QUESTION # 133
An online business posts its customer data protection notice that includes a statement indicating information is collected on how products are used, the content viewed, and the time and duration of online activities. Which data protection principle is applied?

• A. Data integrity and confidentiality
• B. Lawfulness and fairness
• C. System use requirements
• D. Data use limitation

Answer: B

Explanation:
Explanation
The data protection principle that is applied when an online business posts its customer data protection notice that includes a statement indicating information is collected on how products are used, the content viewed, and the time and duration of online activities is lawfulness and fairness. Lawfulness and fairness are two of the core principles of data protection under various laws and regulations, such as the GDPR or the CCPA. They state that personal data should be processed lawfully, fairly and in a transparent manner in relation to the data subject. By posting a customer data protection notice that informs customers about what information is collected and for what purpose, the online business demonstrates its compliance with these principles.
System use requirements, data integrity and confidentiality, or data use limitation are not the correct names of the data protection principles that are applied in this case. System use requirements are not a specific principle of data protection, but rather a general term that refers to the rules or policies that govern how users can access and use a system or service. Data integrity and confidentiality are two aspects of the security principle of data protection, which states that personal data should be processed in a manner that ensures appropriate security of the personal data. Data use limitation is not a specific principle of data protection either, but rather a concept that relates to the purpose limitation principle, which states that personal data should be collected for specified, explicit and legitimate purposes and not further processed in a manner that is incompatible with those purposes.
References: A guide to the data protection principles | ICO, Data Protection Principles: Core Principles of the GDPR - Cloudian, Data Protection Basics: The 7 data protection principles

NEW QUESTION # 134
The MOST effective way to incorporate privacy by design principles into applications is to include privacy requirements in.

• A. senior management approvals.
• B. secure coding practices
• C. software development practices.
• D. software testing guidelines.

Answer: C

Explanation:
Explanation
The most effective way to incorporate privacy by design principles into applications is to include privacy requirements in software development practices, because this ensures that privacy is considered and integrated from the early stages of the design process and throughout the entire lifecycle of the application. Software development practices include activities such as defining the scope, objectives, and specifications of the application, identifying and analyzing the privacy risks and impacts, selecting and implementing the appropriate privacy-enhancing technologies and controls, testing and validating the privacy functionality and performance, and monitoring and reviewing the privacy compliance and effectiveness of the application. By including privacy requirements in software development practices, the organization can achieve a proactive, preventive, and embedded approach to privacy that aligns with the privacy by design principles.
References:
CDPSE Review Manual, 2023 Edition, Domain 2: Privacy Architecture, Section 2.1.2: Privacy Requirements, p. 75 CDPSE Review Manual, 2023 Edition, Domain 2: Privacy Architecture, Section 2.2.1: Privacy by Design Methodology, p. 79-80 The 7 Principles of Privacy by Design | Blog | OneTrust1

NEW QUESTION # 135
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