[Dec-2025] Pass WGU Ethics-In-Technology Tests Engine pdf - All Free Dumps

WGU Ethics In Technology QCO1 Practice Tests 2025 | Pass Ethics-In-Technology with confidence!

NEW QUESTION # 30
A company is bidding on a website project for a prospective client. The company knows that the client is going to weigh the time to deliver the project as one of its primary decision factors. The client has advised all bidders that completion time should be no more than three months with a budget of S50.000.
The company knows that with its current resourcing, it cannot complete the project in less than four months.
However, it is confident that it will be able to deliver within four months to a high-quality standard and 20% under the set budget. The company advises the client that it would need four months but would be able to complete the project under budget.
What is this behavior considered?

• A. Unethical and legal
• B. Unethical and illegal
• C. Ethical and legal
• D. Ethical and illegal

Answer: C

Explanation:
The company honestly discloses its realistic project timeline to the client without misleading or misrepresenting its capabilities.
Why is this ethical?
* The company does not engage in deception; it clearly states that it requires four months rather than falsely promising three.
* It offers added value by completing the project 20% under budget, which is beneficial for the client.
* This aligns with ethical principles of honesty, transparency, and fairness.
Why is this legal?
* There is no law requiring the company to meet the three-month deadline if it discloses its timeline honestly.
* Misrepresentation would be illegal, but the company truthfully communicates its capabilities.
* A. Ethical and Illegal: There is no violation of any law.
* B. Unethical and Illegal: The company does not engage in fraud or deception.
* C. Unethical and Legal: The action is not unethical since it follows principles of honesty and integrity.
Why Not the Other Options?Thus, the correct answer is D. Ethical and Legal because the company acts transparently while complying with business ethics and legal standards.
* ACM Code of Ethics (2022).
* IEEE Code of Conduct (2020).
* Brenkert, G. G. (2008). "Marketing Ethics." Blackwell Encyclopedia of Management.
References in Ethics in Technology:

NEW QUESTION # 31
A company is bidding on a website project for a prospective client. The company knows that the client is going to weigh the time to deliver the project as one of its primary decision factors. The client has advised all bidders that completion time should be no more than three months with a budget of S50.000.
The company knows that with its current resourcing, it cannot complete the project in less than four months.
However, it is confident that it will be able to deliver within four months to a high-quality standard and 20% under the set budget. The company advises the client that it would need four months but would be able to complete the project under budget.
What is this behavior considered?

• A. Unethical and legal
• B. Unethical and illegal
• C. Ethical and illegal
• D. Ethical and legal

Answer: C

NEW QUESTION # 32
Which act prohibits U.S. government agencies from concealing the existence of personal data record-keeping systems?

• A. Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act
• B. Privacy Act
• C. Right to Financial Privacy Act
• D. Electronic Communications Privacy Act

Answer: B

NEW QUESTION # 33
A cloud computing company uses machine learning software to screen the resumes of job seekers. The company's aim is to reduce potential human prejudice in the hiring process. To set up the software and train the machine learning model, the company provides information from its hiring decisions over the past five years. After several months of using the software, the company runs an audit and finds that the software screens out minority job seekers at a much higher rate.
Which behavior is the trained machine learning model displaying?

• A. Scoring low humility measurement
• B. Exposing bias that exists in the data
• C. Exhibiting intent to harm applicants
• D. Acting fairly toward candidates

Answer: B

Explanation:
The machine learning model unintentionally discriminates against minority job seekers because it was trained on historical hiring data that contained biases.
Why Exposing Bias in Data?
* Machine learning systems reflect the biases present in their training data.
* If past hiring decisions favored certain groups, the AI will replicate and reinforce those biases.
* The audit revealed systematic discrimination, indicating bias in the data, not the AI itself.
* B. Acting fairly toward candidates - The AI is not fair if it disproportionately excludes minority job seekers.
* C. Exhibiting intent to harm applicants - The AI does not have intent; bias is an unintended consequence of flawed data.
* D. Scoring low humility measurement - "Humility" is not a standard AI metric; bias exposure is the actual issue.
Why Not the Other Options?Thus, the correct answer is A. Exposing bias that exists in the data, as the AI amplifies historical discrimination in hiring.
* O'Neil, C. (2016). Weapons of Math Destruction: How Big Data Increases Inequality and Threatens Democracy.
* U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) Guidelines on AI Hiring.
* Floridi, L. (2013). The Ethics of Information.
References in Ethics in Technology:

NEW QUESTION # 34
A hospital is struggling with adverse patient outcomes caused by avoidable medication errors. Many of these errors are due to illegible writing by the prescribing physician or incomplete data (or the prescribed medication and dose.
Which technology system reduces these errors?

• A. Computerized provider order entry
• B. Electronic medical record
• C. Clinical decision support
• D. Health information exchange

Answer: A

NEW QUESTION # 35
Employee A works as a developer for a software company. Their sibling is also a developer at a competitor company. Both companies are working on a similar application. The sibling's company struggles to get a feature to work, so the sibling copies the source code for the relevant sections of the application from Employee A's laptop after it was left unattended.
How should this behavior be classified?

• A. Conflict of interest
• B. Nepotism
• C. Corruption
• D. Industrial espionage

Answer: D

Explanation:
Industrial espionage refers to the unauthorized theft or copying of trade secrets, proprietary information, or intellectual property from one company to another, often for competitive advantage.
Why is this Industrial Espionage?
* The sibling stole proprietary source code from Employee A's unattended laptop.
* This act provides unfair competitive advantage to the sibling's company.
* Unauthorized access to trade secrets is illegal under the Economic Espionage Act (1996).
* A. Nepotism - Favoring family members in hiring or promotions, but this case involves theft of intellectual property.
* B. Conflict of Interest - Would apply if Employee A voluntarily shared information, but here, it was stolen.
* D. Corruption - Involves bribery or unethical business practices, but this is corporate theft.
Why Not the Other Options?Thus, the correct answer is C. Industrial Espionage, as it involves theft of confidential trade secrets.
* Economic Espionage Act (1996), 18 U.S.C. §§ 1831-1839.
* OECD Guidelines on Corporate Ethics and Intellectual Property Protection.
References in Ethics in Technology:

NEW QUESTION # 36
What is the unintended source of bias in artificial intelligence (Al) algorithms?

• A. Human developers
• B. Excessive validation sample sizes
• C. Tainted examples
• D. Excessive training sample sizes

Answer: A

Explanation:
The unintended source of bias in AI algorithms comes from human developers, who bring their own unconscious biases into data selection, feature engineering, and model training.
Even when AI is designed to be neutral, developers may:
* Select biased training data
* Define biased decision-making rules
* Fail to recognize discriminatory outcomes
* Algorithmic Bias & Human Influence - AI reflects the biases of those who design it, making human oversight crucial.
* ACM & IEEE AI Ethics Guidelines - Encourage bias audits and ethical AI development.
* Historical Bias & Discrimination in AI (Amazon Hiring AI Case) - AI replicated gender biases because of biased developer input.
* Deontological Ethics & AI Responsibility - Developers must take responsibility for preventing bias in AI systems.
Relevant Ethical References in Technology:Thus, the correct answer is C. Human developers, as they introduce unintentional bias into AI systems through their decisions.

NEW QUESTION # 37
During an investigation into a bank robbery, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) wants to monitor the telephone calls of identified suspects in the case for a two-week period. Due to the short time frame of the investigation, the FBI does not have time to pursue judicial authorization and get a warrant for surveillance.
Which type of telephone calls is legal for the FBI to monitor under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FlSA). given the time frame of the investigation?

• A. Calls initiated by a U.S. citizen to a non-U.S. citizen
• B. Calls initiated by a non-U.S. citizen to a U.S. citizen
• C. Calls between two U.S. citizens
• D. Calls between two non-U.S. citizens

Answer: D

Explanation:
Under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA), the FBI can monitor communications without a warrant if both parties are non-U.S. citizens and the surveillance is conducted for intelligence purposes.
However, if one or both parties are U.S. citizens, the FBI would typically require a warrant under FISA or a separate court authorization, even in a short-term investigation.
* FISA (1978) & Patriot Act (2001) - Provide legal authority for surveillance but impose restrictions on monitoring U.S. citizens.
* Fourth Amendment (Privacy Rights) - Prevents warrantless wiretapping of U.S. citizens except in national security cases.
* Snowden Leaks (2013) & Mass Surveillance Ethics - Raised concerns over the overreach of intelligence agencies in digital surveillance.
* Deontological Ethics (Right to Privacy vs. National Security) - Governments must balance security concerns with individual privacy rights.
Relevant Ethical References in Technology:Thus, the correct answer is A. Calls between two non-U.S.
citizens, as FISA allows warrantless surveillance in such cases.

NEW QUESTION # 38
An organization collects data in aggregate format about its employees to improve workflow. Managers at the organization must ensure that the data collected is for business purposes only. Which data collection method should the organization implement?

• A. Electronic discovery
• B. Advanced surveillance
• C. Consumer profiling
• D. Workplace monitoring

Answer: D

Explanation:
Workplace monitoring refers to the collection and analysis of employee data to improve workflow efficiency, productivity, and business operations. It involves tracking metrics such as work hours, system usage, and productivity patterns-all while ensuring the data is used strictly for business purposes.
* Workplace Privacy Ethics - Ethical monitoring should balance business needs with employee privacy rights.
* Surveillance Ethics (Foucault, 1975) - Excessive monitoring could violate employee autonomy, making ethical boundaries crucial.
* Corporate Governance & Employee Rights (ISO 27001, GDPR) - Transparency and consent are required when monitoring employee data.
* Deontological Ethics (Kantian Ethics) - Treats employees as ends rather than means, ensuring fair workplace practices.
Relevant Ethical References in Technology:Thus, C. Workplace monitoring is the correct answer since the organization collects aggregate employee data to improve workflow.

NEW QUESTION # 39
A new IT employee has questions about how the organization determines resolutions to issues that impact its values and overarching principles. What should the employee refer to first for guidance?

• A. Board of directors
• B. Ethical decision-making processes
• C. Corporate responsibility matrix
• D. Code of ethics

Answer: D

NEW QUESTION # 40
A factory manager must decide whether to replace assembly-line workers with robots but is concerned about employees losing their jobs. The factory manager also believes this automation would enhance worker safety, save the factory money, raise corporate profits, and lower the prices of goods produced. The factory manager weighs all possible outcomes and chooses the action that produces the greatest good.
Which ethical theory does this approach represent?

• A. Virtue
• B. Relativism
• C. Consequentialism
• D. Deontology

Answer: C

Explanation:
The factory manager is applying consequentialism, an ethical theory that evaluates actions based on their outcomes or consequences.
Why Consequentialism?
* The manager is weighing all possible outcomes and choosing the action that produces the greatest good-a fundamental characteristic of consequentialist ethics.
* This aligns with utilitarianism, a form of consequentialism, which suggests that an action is ethical if it maximizes overall benefits (e.g., higher profits, safety, lower costs).
* Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill developed utilitarianism, emphasizing that ethical decisions should be based on maximizing happiness or well-being.
* A. Deontology: Focuses on moral duties and rules rather than consequences. A deontologist might argue that replacing workers with robots is wrong if it violates workers' rights, regardless of the positive outcomes.
* B. Relativism: Suggests that morality is subjective and varies by culture. The factory manager's decision is based on objective outcomes, not cultural or subjective ethical norms.
* C. Virtue Ethics: Focuses on the moral character of the decision-maker rather than the outcomes of actions. The manager is making a cost-benefit analysis, not prioritizing virtues like fairness or compassion.
Why Not the Other Theories?Thus, the correct ethical framework that describes the factory manager's decision is D. Consequentialism because it is based on maximizing benefits while accepting potential negative consequences.
* Mill, J. S. (1863). Utilitarianism. London: Parker, Son, and Bourn.
* Bentham, J. (1789). An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
* Brey, P. (2000). "Disclosive Computer Ethics." ACM SIGCAS Computers and Society, 30(4), 10-16.
* IEEE Global Initiative on Ethics of Autonomous and Intelligent Systems (2019).
References in Ethics in Technology:

NEW QUESTION # 41
A hacker attacked an organization's server to obtain the health records of a specific employee. The hacker posts the information online as an act of revenge. Which attack did the hacker perform?

• A. Libel
• B. Doxing
• C. Hate speech
• D. Anonymous expression

Answer: B

Explanation:
Doxing (or doxxing) refers to maliciously gathering and publishing personal information online without consent, often to harass, threaten, or retaliate against someone. In this scenario, the hacker stole an employee's health records and posted them online as revenge, which clearly constitutes doxing.
* Privacy Rights & Data Protection (HIPAA, GDPR, CCPA) - Unauthorized disclosure of health records violates legal and ethical privacy standards.
* Cyber Ethics & Harassment (ACM & IEEE Codes of Ethics) - Doxing is considered a cybercrime and an unethical digital practice.
* Cybersecurity & Retaliatory Attacks - Ethical hacking principles condemn doxing as a form of online harassment.
* Deontological & Virtue Ethics - Publishing private information violates personal dignity and trust, making it ethically unacceptable.
Relevant Ethical References in Technology:Thus, the correct answer is B. Doxing, as the hacker exposed private health records online for revenge.

NEW QUESTION # 42
Employee A works as a developer for a software company. Their sibling is also a developer at a competitor company. Both companies are working on a similar application. The sibling's company struggles to get a feature to work, so the sibling copies the source code for the relevant sections of the application from Employee A's laptop after it was left unattended.
How should this behaviorbe classified?

• A. Conflict of interest
• B. Nepotism
• C. Corruption
• D. Industrial espionage

Answer: D

NEW QUESTION # 43
An organization is concerned about its cybersecurity after identifying unauthorized records in its payroll database. The organization hires a consultant to test its cyberdefenses. The consultant executes several test attacks on the organization's software and successfully demonstrates that by using Structured Query Language (SOL) injection, the consultant can add rows to the payroll database without obtaining the proper permissions.
Which hacker classification does the consultant fall under?

• A. Cyberterrorist
• B. Black hat hacker
• C. White hat hacker
• D. Cybercriminal

Answer: C

Explanation:
The consultant was hired by the organization to test its cybersecurity and identify vulnerabilities. This is the role of a white hat hacker, also known as an ethical hacker.
Why White Hat Hacker?
* White hat hackers conduct security assessments legally and ethically to help organizations strengthen their cyber defenses.
* The consultant demonstrated SQL injection attacks in a controlled manner to expose weaknesses without malicious intent.
* Ethical hacking is a recognized practice under cybersecurity frameworks like NIST and ISO 27001.
* A. Cybercriminal - Engages in illegal hacking for personal or financial gain, whereas the consultant was hired to help the organization.
* C. Cyberterrorist - Motivated by political or ideological goals, not cybersecurity testing.
* D. Black Hat Hacker - Malicious hackers who exploit vulnerabilities for personal benefit, unlike ethical hackers.
Why Not the Other Options?Thus, the correct answer is B. White Hat Hacker, as the consultant was conducting authorized penetration testing.
* CEH (Certified Ethical Hacker) Guidelines.
* National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Cybersecurity Framework.
* OWASP Top Ten Security Risks (2023).
References in Ethics in Technology:

NEW QUESTION # 44
An incident handler discovers an unauthorized change in the security key vault's database file, which caused a disclosure of confidential information. Which ethical issue does this incident pose?

• A. Property
• B. Accuracy
• C. Access
• D. Privacy

Answer: D

Explanation:
The unauthorized change in the security key vault's database led to the disclosure of confidential information, which directly impacts privacy. Privacy concerns the protection of personal and sensitive information from unauthorized access, use, or exposure.
When confidential data is leaked, it violates fundamental principles of data privacy and security, raising ethical issues about how sensitive information is managed and protected.
* Privacy Ethics (Warren & Brandeis, 1890) - Defined privacy as "the right to be let alone."
* Data Protection Regulations - GDPR (Europe), CCPA (California), and HIPAA (for health data) enforce ethical handling of personal information.
* Confidentiality Principle in Cybersecurity - Ensuring only authorized access to sensitive information aligns with professional ethical standards (e.g., ACM Code of Ethics, IEEE Ethics Code).
* Ethical Hacking & Incident Handling - Ethical frameworks emphasize preventing breaches that compromise privacy.
Relevant Ethical References in Technology:Thus, this incident primarily raises concerns about privacy, making option B the correct answer.

NEW QUESTION # 45
An underage actor is admitted to a local hospital. A nurse from another department wants to know what the patient's ailment is. The nurse accesses the patient's medical record and is subsequently flagged for unauthorized access.
Which law has the nurse violated?

• A. Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA)
• B. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
• C. Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA)
• D. Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA)

Answer: B

NEW QUESTION # 46
An engineer is working on a project to manufacture radar processing equipment for the U.S. military. As part of the project contract, all devices must be new. The engineer discovers that the manufacturer has a policy of using refurbished parts. The engineer speaks to their manager about it and is ignored.
What should this engineer do?

• A. Contact the local media
• B. Ask to be moved to a different activity
• C. Resign from their job
• D. Report the activities to the government

Answer: D

Explanation:
Since the U.S. military contract explicitly requires new parts, using refurbished parts violates the contract and potentially U.S. federal regulations. The engineer ethically and legally must report this violation because it could:
* Compromise national security
* Violate contract law
* Lead to safety risks in military operations
Reporting to a government agency (such as the Department of Defense or an inspector general) ensures that the issue is properly investigated and addressed.
* Whistleblower Protection Act (1989) - Protects employees who report unethical or illegal activities.
* Defense Contracting & Ethics (False Claims Act) - Companies must comply with military contract specifications.
* Deontological Ethics (Moral Obligation to Report Violations) - Engineers have a duty to act responsibly when ethical violations occur.
* ACM & IEEE Engineering Ethics - Require professionals to prioritize honesty, safety, and compliance with regulations.
Relevant Ethical References in Technology:Thus, the correct answer is A. Report the activities to the government, as the engineer must expose contract violations involving military equipment.

NEW QUESTION # 47
During an investigation into a bank robbery, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) wants to monitor the telephone calls of identified suspects in the case for a two-week period. Due to the short time frame of the investigation, the FBI does not have time to pursue judicial authorization and get a warrant for surveillance.
Which type of telephone calls is legal for the FBI to monitor under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FlSA). given the time frame of the investigation?

• A. Calls initiated by a U.S. citizen to a non-U.S. citizen
• B. Calls initiated by a non-U.S. citizen to a U.S. citizen
• C. Calls between two U.S. citizens
• D. Calls between two non-U.S. citizens

Answer: D

NEW QUESTION # 48
Which organization licenses software developers who implement safety and health software in the United States?

• A. American Society for Engineering Education
• B. National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying
• C. Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology
• D. National Society of Professional Engineers

Answer: B

NEW QUESTION # 49
An internet company develops a search engine to index websites and documents published online. The index displays short excerpts from search results in response to queries. Many of the indexed sites and documents are copyrighted.
Which doctrine covers the company's employment and reproduction of these materials?

• A. First sale
• B. Safe harbor
• C. Derivative work
• D. Fair use

Answer: D

NEW QUESTION # 50
A factory manager must decide whether to replace assembly-line workers with robots but is concerned about employees losing their jobs. The factory manager also believes this automation would enhance worker safety, save the factory money, raise corporate profits, and lower the prices of goods produced. The factory manager weighs all possible outcomes and chooses the action that produces the greatest good.
Which ethical theory does this approach represent?

• A. Virtue
• B. Relativism
• C. Consequentialism
• D. Deontology

Answer: C

NEW QUESTION # 51
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