2023 Realistic 4A0-220 Dumps are Available for Instant Access

Download Exam 4A0-220 Practice Test Questions with 100% Verified Answers

Nokia 4A0-220 certification exam is designed for professionals who want to demonstrate their expertise in GMPLS-controlled optical networks. 4A0-220 exam is ideal for network engineers, architects, and technicians who work with Nokia optical networking equipment and want to validate their knowledge and skills in this area. The Nokia 4A0-220 certification is a valuable credential that can help you advance your career and stand out in the competitive job market.

Studying for the Nokia 4A0-220 certification exam requires a lot of dedication and hard work. It is important to have a solid understanding of the concepts and technologies covered in the exam, as well as hands-on experience working with GMPLS-controlled optical networks. There are various resources available to help you prepare for the exam, including study guides, online courses, and practice exams.

 

NEW QUESTION # 20
Which of the following parameters is not considered when restoring an LSP?

• A. Reservation priority
• B. Maximum latency
• C. Equipment vendor
• D. Coloring

Answer: C

Explanation:
Explanation
The equipment vendor is not a parameter that is considered when restoring an LSP. Restoration is the process of re-establishing an LSP after a failure by using an alternative path that meets the same constraints as the original LSP. The parameters that are considered when restoring an LSP include coloring, reservation priority, maximum latency, bandwidth, protection type, and other QoS attributes. The equipment vendor does not affect the restoration process as long as the nodes support GMPLS protocols and interoperate with each other. References : RFC 4427 - Recovery (Protection and Restoration) Terminology for Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS), [Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia]

NEW QUESTION # 21
What is the GMRE node address?

• A. An IP address for CORBA communication with the NMS
• B. The LMP Control Channel ID. This field contains the IPv4 address of the ingress LER as a global unique identifier
• C. The IP address for communication between NEs
• D. The OSPF-TE broadcast IP used to flood the link adjacency information

Answer: C

Explanation:
Explanation
The GMRE node address is the IP address for communication between network elements (NEs) in a GMPLS-controlled optical network. The GMRE node address is also known as the GMRE loopback address or the GMPLS node IP. It is used by GMPLS protocols such as LMP and RSVP to identify and communicate with other GMRE nodes. The GMRE node address is configured on each NE and is advertised by OSPF-TE to other nodes in the same area. References : Nokia 1830 PSS-4, PSS-8, PSS-16 and PSS-32 Platforms - NATO, 1830 PSS Identifiers

NEW QUESTION # 22
What is the function of the OSPF-TE protocol?

• A. To monitor the availability of the links interconnecting adjacent nodes
• B. To exchange with other nodes data about the state of links
• C. To create an MPLS tunnel between two or more end points
• D. To assign different priority to various types of transported signals

Answer: B

Explanation:
Explanation
The OSPF-TE protocol is an extension of the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol that is used to exchange information about the state of links in a GMPLS network. OSPF-TE advertises link attributes such as bandwidth, latency, priority, protection, or switching capabilities to other nodes in the same area. OSPF-TE enables nodes to build a Traffic Engineering Database (TED) that contains the topology and resource information of the network. OSPF-TE helps nodes to perform CSPF calculations and establish LSPs using RSVP-TE signaling. References : Open Shortest Path First - Wikipedia, Understand Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) - Design Guide, RSVP-TE and OSPF-TE extensions for GMPLS

NEW QUESTION # 23
What is the purpose of preemption when establishing an LSP?

• A. To measure the end-to-end latency
• B. To assign the correct wavelengths depending on the type of traffic
• C. To tear down an existing LSP in order to accommodate higher priority traffic
• D. To pick the next hop during LSP signalling

Answer: C

Explanation:
Explanation
Preemption is a mechanism that allows a higher priority LSP to tear down an existing lower priority LSP in order to obtain the required resources for its establishment. Preemption can occur when there is not enough bandwidth or other resources available on a link or node to accommodate a new LSP request. In this case, the node can select one or more lower priority LSPs that are using the resources and send them a PathErr message with a Preempt error code. This causes the lower priority LSPs to beterminated and release their resources. The node can then allocate the resources to the higher priority LSP and send a Resv message to confirm its reservation34. References:
* 3: RFC 4829: Label Switched Path (LSP) Preemption Policies for MPLS Traffic Engineering4
* 4: MPLS Applications User Guide | Juniper Networks5

NEW QUESTION # 24
When should two physical connections belong to the same SRG?

• A. When they are fully disjoint respective to the risk of failure
• B. When they share the same risk of failure
• C. When they are both selected during the setup process
• D. When one is the protection of the other

Answer: B

Explanation:
Explanation
A Shared Risk Link Group (SRLG) is a set of links sharing a common resource, which affects all links in the set if the common resource fails5. These links share the same risk of failure and are therefore considered to belong to the same SRLG. For example, links sharing a common fiber are said to be in the same SRLG because a fault with the fiber might cause all links in the group to fail. SRLGs are used in MPLS and GMPLS networks to provide traffic engineering and protection/restoration mechanisms. When computing the secondary path for an LSP, it is preferable to find a path such that the secondary and primary paths do not have any links in common in case the SRLGs for the primary and secondary paths are disjoint6. This ensures that a single point of failure on a particular link does not bring down both the primary and secondary paths in the LSP. References:
* 5: Shared risk resource group - Wikipedia
* 6: Shared Risk Link Groups for MPLS | Junos OS | Juniper Networks

NEW QUESTION # 25
Which provisioning steps arecommon in both CP to plain MP networks?

• A. Node creation
  CPB provisioning process Node synchronization NPA implementation
• B. Node creation
  CPB provisioning process Link association CPB power balance
• C. Node creation
  CPB provisioning process Node synchronization CPB power balance
• D. Node creation SRG creation Node synchronization CPB power balance

Answer: C

Explanation:
Explanation
The provisioning steps that are common in both CP to plain MP networks are node creation, CPB provisioning process, node synchronization, and CPB power balance. These steps are required to create and commission the nodes, provision the cross-connect boards (CPBs), associate the links between the nodes, synchronize the network elements (NEs) with the NFM-T, and balance the power levels of the CPBs. References : Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia, Nokia Advanced Optical Network Management with NFM-T Course | Nokia

NEW QUESTION # 26
Which of the following is not a GMPLS protocol?

• A. LMP
• B. SFD
• C. OSPF-TE
• D. RSVP-TE

Answer: B

Explanation:
Explanation
SFD is not a GMPLS protocol, but a term used in optical networks to refer to the Source Frequency Definition, which is a parameter that specifies the frequency of a wavelength channel4. GMPLS protocols are those that enable the control and management of different types of switching technologies, such as packet, wavelength, fiber, and time-slot switching5. Some examples of GMPLS protocols are OSPF-TE, RSVP-TE, and LMP. OSPF-TE is a routing protocol that advertises the topology and the link attributes of the network6.
RSVP-TE is a signaling protocol that establishes, modifies, and releases LSPs. LMP is a link management protocol that verifies the connectivity and monitors the status of the links. References:
* 4: Source Frequency Definition (SFD) - ITU
* 5: Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching - Wikipedia
* 6: OSPF Extensions in Support of Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) - RFC 4203
* [7]: Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) Signaling Resource Reservation Protocol-Traffic Engineering (RSVP-TE) Extensions - RFC 3473
* [8]: Link Management Protocol (LMP) - RFC 4204

NEW QUESTION # 27
How can you modify the SNC Nominal Route in NFM-T?

• A. By using the Constraint Wizard to modify the constraints
• B. By changing the SRG constraints
• C. By using the Reroute Wizard to modify the constraints
• D. By putting the LSP in Test mode and moving traffic

Answer: A

Explanation:
Explanation
The SNC Nominal Route is the default or preferred route that is assigned to an LSP when it is created. The SNC Nominal Route is determined by the constraints that are specified by the user during the LSP creation process, such as cost, SRLG, color, bandwidth, protection, and regeneration. The user can modify the SNC Nominal Route in NFM-T by using the Constraint Wizard, which is a tool that allows the user to change the constraints for an existing LSP. The Constraint Wizard will then compute a new SNC Nominal Route based on the modified constraints and update the LSP accordingly34. References:
* 3: Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia
* 4: Nokia Network Functions Manager for Transport User Guide | Nokia

NEW QUESTION # 28
What does an SNC state of lower case "n" mean for a resource in NFM-T?

• A. Indicates it's currently using the Nominal resource assigned to it
• B. Indicates it's using a link other than the Nominal
• C. Indicates the nominal resource on a TE-link that is not in use
• D. Indicates if s a higher alarm state level

Answer: C

Explanation:
Explanation
The SNC state is a parameter that indicates the status of a resource in a GMPLS network. A resource can be a link, a wavelength, a timeslot, or a fiber. The SNC state can have different values, such as N, n, P, p, R, r, and so on. Each value has a specific meaning and implication for the resource and the LSP that uses it. The SNC state of lower case "n" means that the resource is the nominal resource on a TE-link that is notin use. A nominal resource is the default or preferred resource that is assigned to an LSP when it is created. A TE-link is a logical link that represents a set of resources that share the same attributes and constraints. A TE-link can have multiple resources, such as wavelengths or timeslots, but only one of them can be the nominal resource.
If an LSP is using a resource other than the nominal resource on a TE-link, it means that the LSP has been rerouted or switched due to a failure or a constraint violation. In this case, the SNC state of the nominal resource will be "n", indicating that it is not in use by any LSP12. References:
* 1: Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia
* 2: Nokia Network Functions Manager for Transport User Guide | Nokia

NEW QUESTION # 29
Which of the following statements best describes a distributed control plane for GMPLS?

• A. The control plane is active in some network nodes and not in others.
• B. Each router has software to run the GMPLS protocols and can modify the node's switching fabric.
• C. The network is managed by more than one network management system.
• D. The network manager controls all the routing for the network.

Answer: B

Explanation:
Explanation
A distributed control plane for GMPLS means that each router has software to run the GMPLS protocols and can modify the node's switching fabric. This allows the routers to communicate with each other and establish Label Switched Paths (LSPs) across the network without relying on a centralized controller or network manager. A distributed control plane can improve the scalability, reliability, and efficiency of the network. References : Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia, GMPLS - Nokia

NEW QUESTION # 30
How do you configure the Trail template in NFM-T for an Uplink board (such as 2UC400) in an MRN network with LO and LI restoration capabilities?

• A. Check the Logical Link box
  Set the Port Type to Unterminated Check the ASON Routed box Uncheck the ASON Tunnel box
• B. Uncheck the Logical Link box Set the Port Type to Terminated Check the ASON Routed box Check the ASON Tunnel box
• C. Check the Logical Link box
  Set the Port Type to Unterminated Check the ASON Routed box Check the ASON Tunnel box
• D. Uncheck the Logical Link box Set the Port Type to Terminated Check the ASON Routed box Uncheck the ASON Tunnel box

Answer: A

Explanation:
Explanation
To configure the Trail template in NFM-T for an Uplink board (such as 2UC400) in an MRN network with LO and LI restoration capabilities, you need to check the Logical Link box, set the Port Type to Unterminated, check the ASON Routed box, and uncheck the ASON Tunnel box. This configuration allows you to create a logical link between two Uplink boards that can be used for LO or LI restoration. The logical link is not terminated at the Uplink board, but at the OTU board. The ASON Routed option enables the GMPLS control plane for the logical link, while the ASON Tunnel option is not applicable for Uplink boards. References : Nokia Advanced Optical Network Management with NFM-T Course | Nokia, Nokia 1830 PSS-4, PSS-8, PSS-16 and PSS-32 Platforms - NATO

NEW QUESTION # 31
Which of the following best describes the Soft Shutting Down state in the NFM-T?

• A. An automatic shutdown of a TE-link and all of the LSPs in the TE-link
• B. A transient state where current SNCs are soft-rerouted away from the TE-link
• C. An administrative maintenance state where services stay up but no new traffic can be routed over the TE-link
• D. A soft synchronization state where new traffic is not allowed

Answer: C

Explanation:
Explanation
The Soft Shutting Down state in the NFM-T is an administrative maintenance state where services stay up but no new traffic can be routed over the TE-link. This state is used to prepare a TE-link for maintenance or decommissioning without affecting the existing services. The NFM-T sets the TE-link to Soft Shutting Down state by sending a Notify message with the Administrative State Change flag to the head-end node of the TE-link. The head-end node then stops accepting new LSP requests over the TE-link and sends a PathErr message with the Administrative State Change flag to all the tail-end nodes of the LSPs in the TE-link. The tail-end nodes then stop sending new traffic over the LSPs and send a ResvErr message with the Administrative State Change flag to all the intermediate nodes of the LSPs. The intermediate nodes then update their routing tables and stop forwarding new traffic over the LSPs. The existing traffic, however, continues to flow over the LSPs until they are manually deleted or rerouted by the NFM-T. References : Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia, Nokia Advanced Optical Network Management with NFM-T Course | Nokia

NEW QUESTION # 32
What is the meaning of Generalized in GMPLS?

• A. GMPLS can be used for traffic types other than data packets
• B. Switching can be based on values other than the label
• C. Unlike MPLS, GMPLS supports multi-vendor networks
• D. The label can assume an extended value range, and is not constrained as it is with MPLS

Answer: A

Explanation:
Explanation
GMPLS stands for Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching, which is a protocol suite that extends MPLS to control different types of switching technologies, such as optical, TDM, and packet switching1. The meaning of Generalized in GMPLS is that it can be used for traffic types other than data packets, such as wavelengths, time slots, or fibers2. GMPLS can also use implicit labels that are derived from the physical properties of the data stream, such as wavelength or timeslot, instead of explicit labels that are carried in the packet header3. This allows GMPLS to support various transport networks and applications, such as optical transport networks (OTN), wavelength switched optical networks (WSON), and automatic switched optical networks (ASON)4. References:
* 1: Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia
* 2: What is MPLS and GMPLS? - Metaswitch
* 3: Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching - Wikipedia
* 4: GMPLS - Nokia

NEW QUESTION # 33
What is the Commissioning File in GMRE nodes?

• A. A file with commissioned GMRE nodes for NPA implementation
• B. A file of optical impairment parameters for power balance
• C. A file with target values that determine whether a given LSP is possible
• D. A control checklist for the operator

Answer: C

Explanation:
Explanation
The Commissioning File in GMRE nodes is a file with target values that determine whether a given LSP is possible. The Commissioning File contains parameters such as power, OSNR, Q-factor, and dispersion that are used to evaluate the feasibility of an LSP request. The Commissioning File is generated by the Network Planning Application (NPA) based on the network design and optical impairments. The Commissioning File is uploaded to each GMRE node and is used by the CSPF algorithm to find a suitable path for the LSP. References : Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia, Network Planning Application (NPA) | Nokia

NEW QUESTION # 34
How are L0 and L1 resources coordinated in case of a failure in an MRN?

• A. Coordination is achieved by setting the color constraints
• B. Coordination is achieved by comparing the Setup Priorities
• C. Coordination is achieved by setting the WSR parameter
• D. Coordination is achieved by segregation of color and colorless LSPs

Answer: A

Explanation:
Explanation
Coordination of L0 and L1 resources in case of a failure in an MRN is achieved by setting the color constraints. Color constraints are used to specify which wavelengths or timeslots can be used by a given LSP request. By setting the color constraints, the NFM-T can ensure that the L0 and L1 resources are compatible and consistent across the network. For example, if an L0 LSP request requires a specific wavelength, the NFM-T can set the color constraint to match that wavelength and assign it to the L0 LSP. Similarly, if an L1 LSP request requires a specific timeslot, the NFM-T can set the color constraint to match that timeslot and assign it to the L1 LSP. This way, the coordination of L0 and L1 resources is achieved by ensuring that the same color is used by both layers. References : Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia, 3.
GMPLS - Nokia

NEW QUESTION # 35
......

Positive Aspects of Valid Dumps 4A0-220 Exam Dumps! : https://www.testsimulate.com/4A0-220-study-materials.html